The construction works of No. EP/SP/61/10 Organic Resources Recovery Centre Phase 1 (the Project) commenced on 21 May 2015. This is the 35^thQuarterly Environmental Monitoring and Audit (EM&A) report presenting the EM&A works carried out during the period from 1 December 2023 to 29 February 2024 in accordance with the EM&A Manual. Substantial completion of the construction works was confirmed on 3 December 2018. In the meantime, the operation phase EM&A programme had commenced in March 2019. Substantial Completion in respect of substantial part of the Works was confirmed on 24 February 2020. The construction phase EM&A programme was completed in the end of February 2020.

Summary of Works undertaken during the Reporting Period

Works undertaken in the reporting period included:

· Operation of the Project, including organic waste reception, and operation of the pre-treatment facilities, anaerobic digesters, composting facilities, air pollution control systems, on-line emission monitoring system for the Centralised Air Pollution Control Unit (CAPCS), Co-generation Units (CHP)s and Ammonia Stripping Plant (ASP), and the wastewater treatment plant;

· CHP3 overhaul;

· ASP hot water pump repair works;

· Completed changing of tubing on all AD mixers (commenced November 2023);

· CAPCS venturi scrubber and fan overhaul;

· Venturi scrubber fan No. 2 overhaul completed;

· Bay 3 RCV front door new gearbox installed and completed;

· Mixer and conveyor in composting bay repaired;

· Polymer dosing mixers replaced;

· Road sweeper brushes and spray nozzles repaired;

· Suspension Buffer Tank (SBT) cleaning;

· Venturi scrubber fan No. 1 cleaned and all operational parameters checked;

· Venturi scrubber fan No. 2 cleaned and all operational parameters checked;

· Wet scrubber No. 1 cleaned and all operation parameters checked;

· Wet scrubber No. 2 opened and began cleaning before operation parameters can be checked;

· ASP balancing valve replaced and a number of DN150 valves including cleaning of plate type and shell and tube type heat exchangers; and

· Checking on AD3 pressure relief valve.

Environmental Monitoring and Audit Progress

Air Quality Monitoring

Non-compliance of emission limits of NO_x, SO₂, and HCl from CHP1; NO_x and SO₂ from CHP2; and NO_x, SO₂, NH₃, and HCl from the ASP were recorded during December 2023. The exceedances of NO_x, SO₂, and HCl from the CHPs, as well as the exceedances of NO_x, SO₂, NH₃, and HCl from the ASP, occurred due to system instability.

Non-compliance of emission limits of Odour from CAPCS; NO_x, SO₂, and HCl from CHP1; NO_x and SO₂ from CHP2; NO_x and SO₂ from CHP3; and NO_x, SO₂, NH₃, and HCl from the ASP were recorded during January 2024. The exceedances of Odour from CAPCS; NO_x, SO₂, and HCl from the CHPs; as well as the exceedances of NO_x, SO₂, NH₃, and HCl from the ASP, occurred due to system instability.

Non-compliance of emission limits of Odour from CAPCS; NO_x, SO₂, and HCl from CHP1; NO_x and SO₂ from CHP2; NO_x and SO₂ from CHP3; and NO_x, SO₂, NH₃, and HCl from the ASP were recorded during February 2024. The exceedances of Odour from CAPCS; NO_x, SO₂, and HCl from the CHPs; as well as the exceedances of NO_x, SO₂, NH₃, and HCl from the ASP, occurred due to system instability.

Water Quality

All analytes from the outlet chamber of the effluent storage tank were recorded to be in compliance with discharge limits during the reporting period.

All analytes from Petrol Interceptors 1 and 2 were recorded to be in compliance with discharge limits during the sampling conducted in both December 2023 and February 2024.

Waste Management

Waste generated from the operation of the Project includes chemical waste, waste generated from pre-treatment process and general refuse.

During the reporting period, 1,200L of chemical waste (spent lube oil) in January 2024 and a further 400L of chemical waste (spent lube oil) in February 2024 were disposed of at CWTC during the reporting period.

2,737.68 tonnes of waste generated from pre-treatment process from the operation of the Project was disposed of at landfill. Among the recyclable waste generated from pre-treatment process from the operation of the Project, 0.000 tonnes of metals, 0.000 tonnes of papers/cardboard packing, and 0.000 tonnes of plastics were sent to recyclers for recycling during the reporting period.

Around 8.294 tonnes of general refuse from the operation of the Project were disposed of at landfill. Among the recycled general refuse from the operation of the Project, 0.012 tonnes of metals, 0.199 tonnes of papers/cardboard packing and 0.036 tonnes of plastics were sent to recyclers for recycling during the reporting period.

Findings of Environmental Site Audit

A summary of the monitoring activities undertaken in this reporting period is listed below:

· Joint Environmental Site Inspections 3 times

· Landscape & Visual Inspections 3 times

Monthly joint environmental site inspections were carried out. The environmental control/mitigation measures (related to air quality, water quality, waste (including land contamination prevention), hazard-to-life, and landscape and visual) recommended in the approved EIA Report and the EM&A Manual were properly implemented by the Contractor during the reporting period.

Environmental Exceedance/Non-conformance/Compliant/Summons and Prosecution

Exceedances for the air emission limits for the CAPCS, CHP, and ASP stacks were recorded during the reporting period.

Five (5) Environmental Complaints regarding odour nuisance were received at the facility on 19 February 2024, 20 February 2024, 21 February 2024 (2 complaints), and 22 February 2024. Mitigation measures were implemented, daily odour patrols were arranged, and interim reports regarding the complaints were submitted to EPD on 3 March 2024 and 8 March 2024. The full investigation reports of the Environmental Complaints are presented in Annex F.

Future Key Issues

Activities to be undertaken in the next reporting period include:

· Operation of the Project;

· Complete planned maintenance work of Wet scrubber No. 2;

· Focus on centrifuge area and polymer dosing system for the month;

· Focus on sieve fine plastic;

· Install new pipeline at leachate tank;

· Clean PST;

· Install drum screen for IPS;

· SBT Cleaning; and

· Checking on AD3 pressure relief valve.

1. INTRODUCTION

ERM-Hong Kong, Limited (ERM) was appointed by OSCAR Bioenergy Joint Venture (the Contractor) as the Environmental Team (ET) to undertake the construction Environmental Monitoring and Audit (EM&A) programme for the Contract No. EP/SP/61/10 of Organic Waste Treatment Facilities Phase I, which the project name has been updated to Organic Resources Recovery Centre (Phase I) (the Project) since November 2017. ERM was also appointed by the Contractor to undertake the operation EM&A programme starting 1 March 2019.

1.1 Purpose of the report

This is the 35^th Quarterly EM&A report which summarises the monitoring results and audit findings for the EM&A programme during the reporting period from 1 December 2023 to 29 February 2024.

1.2 structure of the report

The structure of the report is as follows:

Section 1: Introduction

It details the scope and structure of the report.

Section 2: Project Information

It summarises the background and scope of the Project, site description, project organisation and status of the Environmental Permits (EP)/licences.

Section 3: Environmental Monitoring and Audit Requirements

It summarises the environmental monitoring requirements including monitoring parameters, programmes, methodologies, frequency, locations, Action and Limit Levels, Event/Action Plans, as well as environmental audit requirements as recommended in the EM&A Manual and approved EIA report.

Section 4: Monitoring Results

It summarises monitoring results of the reporting period.

Section 5: Site Audit

It summarises the audit findings of the environmental as well as landscape and visual site audits undertaken within the reporting period.

Section 6: Environmental Non-conformance

It summarises any exceedance of environmental performance standard, environmental complaints and summons received within the reporting period.

Section 7: Further Key Issues

It summarises the impact forecast for the next reporting month.

Section 8: Conclusions

2. PROJECT INFORMATION

2.1 Background

The Organic Resources Recovery Centre (ORRC) Phase I development (hereinafter referred to as “the Project”) is to design, construct and operate a biological treatment facility with a capacity of about 200 tonnes per day and convert source-separated organic waste from commercial and industrial sectors (mostly food waste) into compost and biogas through proven biological treatment technologies. The location of the Project site is shown in Annex A.

The environmental acceptability of the construction and operation of the Project had been confirmed by findings of the associated Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study completed in 2009. The Director of Environmental Protection (DEP) approved this EIA Report under the Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (EIAO) (Cap. 499) in February 2010 (Register No.: AEIAR-149/2010) (hereafter referred to as the approved EIA Report). Subsequent Report on Re-assessment on Environmental Implications and Report on Re-assessment on Hazard to Life Implications were completed in 2013, respectively.

An Environmental Permit (EP) (No. EP-395/2010) was issued by the DEP to the EPD (Project Team), the Permit Holder, on 21 June 2010 and varied on 18 March 2013 (No. EP-395/2010/A) and 21 May 2013 (No. EP-395/2010/B), respectively. The Design Build and Operate Contract for the ORRC Phase 1 (Contract No. EP/SP/61/10 Organic Resources Recovery Centre (Phase 1) (the Contract)) was awarded to SITA Waste Services Limited, ATAL Engineering Limited and Ros-Roca, Sociedad Anonima jointly trading as the OSCAR Bioenergy Joint Venture (OSCAR or the Contractor). A Further EP (No. FEP-01/395/2010/B) was issued by the DEP to the OSCAR on 16 February 2015. Variation to both EPs (Nos. EP-395/2010/B and FEP-01/395/2010/B) were made in December 2015. The latest EPs, Nos. EP-395/2010/C and FEP-01/395/2010/C, were issued by the DEP on 21 December 2015.

Under the requirements of Condition 5 of the EP (No. FEP-01/395/2010/C), an Environmental Monitoring and Audit (EM&A) programme as set out in the approved EM&A Manual (hereinafter referred to as EM&A Manual) is required to be implemented during the construction and operation of the Project. ERM-Hong Kong, Ltd (ERM) has been appointed by OSCAR as the Environmental Team (ET) for the construction phase EM&A programme and the Monitoring Team (MT) for the operation phase EM&A programme for the implementation of the EM&A programme in accordance with the requirements of the EP and the approved EM&A Manual.

The construction works commenced on 21 May 2015. The operation phase of the EM&A programme commenced on 1 March 2019 ([1]). The construction phase EM&A programme was completed in the end of February 2020.

2.2 General Site Description

The Project Site is located at Siu Ho Wan in North Lantau with an area of about 2 hectares. The layout of the Project Site is illustrated in Annex A. The facility received an average of 157.17 to 170.58 tonnes and treated an average of 126.09 to 142.80 tonnes of source separated organic waste per day during the reporting period.

2.3 mAJOR aCTIVITIES uNDERTAKEN

A summary of the major activities undertaken in the reporting period is shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 Summary of Activities Undertaken in the Reporting Period

Activities Undertaken in the Reporting Period

· Systems being operated – waste reception, pre-treatment, CAPCS extraction, the digesters, the centrifuge, the composting tunnels, the desulphurisation, the emergency flare, the CHPs, the ASP and the biological wastewater treatment plant (about 157.17 – 170.58 t/d SSOW input);

· CHP3 overhaul;

· ASP hot water pump repair works;

· Completed changing of tubing on all AD mixers (commenced November 2023);

· CAPCS venturi scrubber and fan overhaul;

· Venturi scrubber fan No. 2 overhaul completed;

· Bay 3 RCV front door new gearbox installed and completed;

· Mixer and conveyor in composting bay repaired;

· Polymer dosing mixers replaced;

· Road sweeper brushes and spray nozzles repaired;

· Suspension Buffer Tank (SBT) cleaning;

· Venturi scrubber fan No. 1 cleaned and all operational parameters checked;

· Venturi scrubber fan No. 2 cleaned and all operational parameters checked;

· Wet scrubber No. 1 cleaned and all operation parameters checked;

· Wet scrubber No. 2 opened and began cleaning before operation parameters can be checked;

· ASP balancing valve replaced and a number of DN150 valves including cleaning of plate type and shell and tube type heat exchangers; and

· Checking on AD3 pressure relief valve.

2.4 Project Organisation and Management Structure

The project organisation chart and contact details are shown in Annex B.

2.5 Status of Environmental Approval Documents

A summary of the valid permits, licences, and/or notifications on environmental protection for this Project is presented in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2 Summary of Environmental Licensing, Notification and Permit Status

Permit/ Licences/ Notification	Reference	Validity Period	Remarks
Environmental Permit	FEP-01/395/2010/C	Throughout the Contract	Permit granted on 21 December 2015
Effluent Discharge License	WT00038391-2021	7 July 2021 – 30 June 2026	Approved on 7 July 2021
Chemical Waste Producer Registration	WPN 5213-961-O2231-02	Throughout the implementation of the Project	Approved on 10 November 2017
Waste Disposal Billing Account	Account number: 702310	Throughout the Contract	-

3. Environmental Monitoring and Audit Requirements

3.1 Environmental Monitoring

The air quality (including odour) monitoring to be carried out during the operation phase of the Project are described below. Although water quality monitoring is not required for the operation phase under the EM&A programme, there are water quality monitoring requirement under the Water Discharge Licence of the plant under the Water Pollution Control Ordinance (WPCO). As part of this EM&A programme, the monitoring results will be reviewed to check the compliance with the WPCO requirements.

3.1.1 Air Quality

According to the EM&A Manual and EP requirements, stack monitoring is required during the operation phase of the Project.

On-line monitoring (using continuous environmental monitoring system (CEMS) shall be carried out for the centralised air pollution unit (CAPCS), cogeneration units (CHP) and the ammonia stripping plant (ASP) during the operation phase. The most recent sensor calibrations for the CAPCS system was carried out on 15 January 2024 for VOCs and 19 January 2024 for H₂S. The most recent span calibrations for the CHPs CEMS systems were carried out from 26 to 28 September 2023. The most recent span calibrations for the ASP was carried out on 27 February 2024. Annual CAPCS CEMS calibration was carried out from 10 to 12 October 2023.

The monitoring data is transmitted instantaneously to EPD (Regional Office) by telemetry system.

When the on-line monitoring for certain parameter cannot be undertaken, monitoring will be carried out using the following methodology approved by the EPD

Table 3.1 Sampling and Laboratory Analysis Methodology

Parameters	Method	Stacks to be Monitored
Gaseous and vaporous organic substances (including methane)	USEPA Method 18	· CAPCS · CHP · ASP
Particulate	USEPA Method 5	· CAPCS · CHP · ASP
Carbon monoxide (CO)	USEPA Method 10	· CHP · ASP
Nitrogen oxides (NO_x)	USEPA Method 7E	· CHP · ASP
Sulphur dioxide (SO₂);	USEPA Method 6	· CHP · ASP
Hydrogen chloride (HCl)	USEPA Method 26A	· CHP · ASP
Hydrogen fluoride (HF)	USEPA Method 26A	· CHP · ASP
Oxygen (O₂);	USEPA Method 3A	· CAPCS · CHP · ASP
Velocity and Volumetric Flow	USEPA Method 2	· CAPCS · CHP · ASP
Ammonia (NH₃)	USEPA CTM 027	· ASP
Odour (including NH₃ and H₂S)	EN 13725	· CAPCS
Water vapour content (continuous measurement of the water vapour content should not be required if the sample exhaust gas is dried before the emissions are analysed)	USEPA Method 4	· CAPCS · CHP · ASP
Temperature	USEPA Method 4	· CAPCS · CHP · ASP

With reference to the EM&A Manual, the air emission of the stacks shall meet the following emission limits as presented in Tables 3.2 to 3.5.

Table 3.2 Emission Limit for CAPCS Stack

Parameter	Emission Level (mg/Nm³) ^(a)
VOCs (including methane)	680
Dust (or Total Suspended Particulates (TSP))	6
Odour (including NH₃ & H₂S)	220 ^(b)
Notes: (a) Hourly average concentration (b) The odour unit is OU/Nm³

Table 3.3 Emission Limit for CHP Stack

Parameter	Maximum Emission Level (mg/Nm³) ^{(a) (b)}
Dust (or Total Suspended Particulates)	15
Carbon Monoxide	650
NO_x	300
SO₂	50
NMVOCs ^(c)	150
VOCs (including methane) ^(d)	1,500
HCl	10
HF	1
Notes: (a) All values refer to an oxygen content in the exhaust gas of 6% and dry basis. (b) Hourly average concentration (c) NMVOCs should be monitored by gas sampling and laboratory analysis at an agreed interval. For the first 12 months (starting from August 2019), monitoring should be carried out at quarterly intervals. The monitoring frequency should then be reduced to half-yearly for next 12 months (starting from August 2020). (d) The VOCs emission limit include methane as biogas is adopted as fuel in the combustion process.

Table 3.4 Emission Limit for ASP Stack

Parameter	Maximum Emission Level (mg/Nm³)^{(a) (b)}
Dust (or Total Suspended Particulates)	5
Carbon Monoxide	100
NOx	200
SO₂	50
VOCs (including methane) ^(c)	20
NH₃	35
HCl	10
HF	1
Notes: (a) All values refer to an oxygen content in the exhaust gas of 11% and dry basis. (b) Hourly average concentration (c) The VOCs emission limit include methane as biogas is adopted as fuel in the combustion process.

Table 3.5 Emission Limit for Standby Flaring Gas Unit ([2])

Parameter	Maximum Emission level (mg/Nm³) ^{(a) (b)}
Dust (or Total Suspended Particulates)	5
Carbon Monoxide	100
NO_x	200
SO₂	50
VOCs (including methane)^(c)	20
HCl	10
HF	1
Notes: (a) All values refer to an oxygen content in the exhaust gas of 11% and dry basis. (b) Hourly average concentration (c) The VOCs emission limit include methane as biogas is adopted as fuel in the combustion process.

3.1.2 Odour

To determine the effectiveness of the proposed odour mitigation measures and to ensure that the operation of the ORRC1 will not cause adverse odour impacts, odour monitoring of the CAPCS stack (see Section 3.1.1) and odour patrol will be carried out.

Odour patrol shall be conducted by independent trained personnel/ competent persons in summer months (i.e., from July to September) for the first two operational years of ORRC1 at monthly intervals along an odour patrol route at the Project Site boundary as shown in Annex A.

The perceived odour intensity is divided into 5 levels. Table 3.6 describes the odour intensity for different levels.

Table 3.6 Odour Intensity Level

Level	Odour Intensity
0	Not detected. No odour perceived or an odour so weak that it cannot be easily characterised or described
1	Slight identifiable odour, and slight chance to have odour nuisance
2	Moderate identifiable odour, and moderate chance to have odour nuisance
3	Strong identifiable odour, likely to have odour nuisance
4	Extreme severe odour, and unacceptable odour level

Table 3.7 shows the action level and limit level to be used for odour patrol. Should any exceedance of the action and limit levels occur, actions in accordance with the event and action plan in Table 3.8 should be carried out.

Table 3.7 Action and Limit Levels for Odour Nuisance

Parameter	Action Level	Limit Level
Odour Nuisance (from odour patrol)	When one documented compliant is received ^(a), or Odour Intensity of 2 is measured from odour patrol.	Two or more documented complaints are received ^(a)within a week; or Odour intensity of 3 or above is measured from odour patrol.
Note: (a) Once the complaint is received by the Project Proponent (EPD), the Project Proponent would investigate and verify the complaint whether it is related to the potential odour emission from the ORRC1 and its on-site wastewater treatment unit.

Parameter

Action Level

Limit Level

Odour Nuisance (from odour patrol)

When one documented compliant is received ^(a), or Odour Intensity of 2 is measured from odour patrol.

Two or more documented complaints are received ^(a)within a week; or

Odour intensity of 3 or above is measured from odour patrol.

Note:

(a) Once the complaint is received by the Project Proponent (EPD), the Project Proponent would investigate and verify the complaint whether it is related to the potential odour emission from the ORRC1 and its on-site wastewater treatment unit.

Table 3.8 Event and Action Plan for Odour Monitoring

Event	Action
	Person-in-charge of Odour Monitoring	Project Proponent ^(a)
Action Level
Exceedance of action level (Odour Patrol)	1. Identify source/reason of exceedance; 2. Repeat odour patrol to confirm finding.	1. Carry out investigation to identify the source/reason of exceedance. Investigation should be completed within 2 weeks; 2. Rectify any unacceptable practice; 3. Implement more mitigation measures if necessary; 4. Inform Drainage Services Department (DSD) or the operator of the Siu Ho Wan Sewage Treatment Works (SHWSTW) if exceedance is considered to be caused by the operation of the SHWSTW; and 5. Inform North Lantau Refuse Transfer Station (NLTS) operator if exceedance is considered to be caused by the operation of NLTS.
Exceedance of action level (Odour Complaints)	1. Identify source/reason of exceedance; 2. Carry out odour patrol to determinate odour intensity.	1. Carry out investigation and verify the complaint whether it is related to potential odour emission from the nearby SHWSTW; 2. Carry out investigation to identify the source/reason of exceedance. Investigation should be completed within 2 weeks; 3. Rectify any unacceptable practice; 4. Implement more mitigation measures if necessary; 5. Inform DSD or the operator of the SHWSTW if exceedance is considered to be caused by the operation of the SHWSTW; and 6. Inform NLTS operator if exceedance is considered to be caused by the operation of NLTS.
Limit Level
Exceedance of limit level	1. Identify source/reason of exceedance; 2. Inform EPD; 3. Repeat odour patrol to confirm findings; 4. Increase odour patrol frequency to bi-weekly; 5. Assess effectiveness of remedial action and keep EPD informed of the results; 6. If exceedance stops, cease additional odour patrol.	1. Carry out investigation to identify the source/reason of exceedance. Investigation should be completed within 2 week; 2. Rectify any unacceptable practice; 3. Formulate remedial actions; 4. Ensure remedial actions properly implemented; 5. If exceedance continues, consider what more/enhanced mitigation measures should be implemented; and 6. Inform DSD or the operator of the SHWSTW if exceedance is considered to be caused by the operation of the SHWSTW.
Note: (a) Project Proponent shall identify an implementation agent.

3.2 Site Audit

Environmental mitigation measures (related to air quality, water quality, waste, land contamination, hazard-to-life, and landscape and visual) to be implemented during the operation phase of the Project are recommended in the approved EIA Report and EM&A Manual and are summarised in Annex C. Monthly site audits for operation phase will be carried out to check the implementation of these measures.

3.2.1 Water Quality

Compliance audits are to be undertaken to ensure that a valid discharge licence has been issued by EPD prior to the discharge of effluent from the operation of the Project site. Under Effluent Discharge Licence WT00038391-2021 (effective from July 2021), the effluent quality shall meet the discharge limits as described in Table 3.9 and Table 3.10.

Table 3.9 Discharge Limits for Effluent from the Effluent Storage Tank (as stipulated in WT00038391-2021)

Parameters	Discharge Limit (mg/L)
Flow Rate (m³/day)^(a)	645
pH (pH units)^(b)	6-10 ^(c)
Suspended Solids^(b)	800
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 days, 20°)^(b)	800
Chemical Oxygen Demand^(b)	2,000
Oil & Grease^(b)	40
Total Nitrogen^(b)	200
Total Phosphorus^(b)	50
Surfactants (total)^(b)	25
Notes: (a) Flow rate is not a parameter required to be monitored and reported by the Contractor in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO. (b) Parameters required to be monitored and reported by the Contractor in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO. (c) Range.

Table 3.10 Discharge Limits for Effluent from the Petrol Interceptor(s) (as stipulated in TW00038391-2021)

Parameters	Discharge Limit (mg/L)
Flow Rate (m³/day)^(a)	245 ^(a)
Suspended Solids^(b)	30
Chemical Oxygen Demand^(c)	80
Oil & Grease^(c)	20
Surfactants (total)^(b)	15
Notes: (a) The surface runoff flow rate limit was estimated by the overall yearly rainfall data. As the actual flowrate from the petrol interceptors depends on the weather condition instead of the performance of the petrol interceptor, monitoring and reporting of this parameter is not required. Hence this parameter is not reported in Table 4.10 and Table 4.11. (b) Parameter not required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO. (c) Parameters required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO.

3.2.2 Landscape and Visual

In accordance with EM&A Manual, the landscape and visual mitigation measures shall be implemented.

For operation phase, site inspection shall be conducted once a month for the first year of operation of the Project. All measures as stated in the implementation schedule of the EM&A Manual (see Annex C), including compensatory planting, undertaken by both the Contractor and the specialist Landscape Sub-Contractor during the first year of the operation phase shall be audited by a Registered Landscape Architect (RLA) to ensure compliance with the intended aims of the measures and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures.

4. Monitoring Results

4.1 Air Quality

4.1.1 Operation Phase Monitoring

The concentrations of concerned air pollutants emitted from the stacks of the CAPCS, CHP, and ASP during the reporting period are monitored on-line by the continuous environmental monitoring system (CEMS).

During the reporting period, a Periodic Inspection for the Fixed Electrical Installations – High Voltage (HV) Inspection was conducted on 12 December 2023. In preparation for this HV Inspection, the Standby Gas Flaring Unit was tested on 8 December 2023 from 5:00PM to 7:00PM and from 10:00PM until 12:00AM (midnight). Since the Standby Gas Flaring Unit was run under test conditions during these periods, no values are included in Table 4.6 for these dates as this is not the normal condition/operation of the flare.

With reference to the emission limits shown in Tables 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4, the hourly average concentrations and the number of exceedances of the concerned air emissions monitored for the CAPCS, CHP and ASP during this reporting period are presented in Tables 4.1 to 4.5.

It should be noted that measurements recorded under abnormal operating conditions, e.g., start up and stopping of stacks and unstable operation, as well as test runs and interference of sensor, are disregarded.

Table 4.1 Hourly Average of Parameters Recorded for CAPCS

Parameter	Range of Hourly Average Conc. (mg/Nm³)	Emission Limit (mg/Nm³)	Exceedance Identified	Remarks
VOCs (including methane) ^(a)	0.00 – 632.21	680	Nil	Nil
Dust (or TSP)	0.00 – 0.03	6	Nil	Nil
Odour (including NH₃ & H₂S) ^(b)	0.00 – 1,181.75	220	Identified ^(c)	System unstable (e.g., low efficiency)
Note: (a) The VOCs emission limit includes methane as biogas is adopted, as fuel in the combustion process. (b) The odour unit is OU/Nm³. (c) Dates with Odour exceedances (number of exceedances on that day) were identified on 17(6), 18(12), 19(5), 23(1), and 24(3) January 2024; 1(2), 4(1), 5(16), 6(18), and 7(8) February 2024.

Table 4.2 Hourly Average of Parameters Recorded for CHP 1

Parameter	Range of Hourly Average Conc. (mg/Nm³)^(a)	Max. Emission Limit (mg/Nm³)	Exceedance Identified	Remarks
Dust (or TSP)	0 - 10	15	Nil	Nil
Carbon Monoxide	0 - 406	650	Nil	Nil
NO_x	0 – 2,640	300	Identified ^(c)	System unstable (e.g., low efficiency)
SO₂	0 – 873	50	Identified ^(d)	System unstable (e.g., low efficiency)
VOCs (including methane)^(b)	0 – 1,258	1,500	Nil	Nil
HCl	0 - 29	10	Identified ^(e)	System unstable (e.g., low efficiency)
HF	0 - 1	1	Nil	Nil
Notes: (a) All values refer to an oxygen content in the exhaust gas of 6% and dry basis. (b) The VOCs emission limit includes methane as biogas is adopted as fuel in the combustion process. (c) Dates with NO_x exceedances (number of exceedances on the day) were identified on 1(5), 2(3), 3(3), 4(12), 5(4), 6(24), 7(24), 8(21), 9(21), 10(24), 11(24), 12(13), 13(19), 14(18), 15(20), 16(24), 17(24), 18(21), 19(19), 20(21), 21(24), 22(24), 23(22), 24(20), 25(24), 26(24), 27(23), 28(24), 29(24), 30(24), and 31(24) December 2023; 1(24), 2(23), 3(24), 4(24), 5(24), 6(24), 7(24), 8(22), 9(8), 10(15), 11(18), 12(22), 13(20), 14(24), 15(24), 16(20), 17(19), 18(14), 19(17), 20(24), 21(24), 22(24), 23(24), 24(14), 25(13), 26(6), 27(21), 28(24), 29(24), 30(10), and 31(2) January 2024; 1(18), 2(20), 3(21), 4(22), 5(10), 6(24), 7(24), 8(11), 9(24), 10(24), 11(24), 12(24), 13(24), 14(24), 15(21), 16(24), 17(24), 18(24), 19(24), 20(24), 21(17), 22(8), 23(15), 24(19), 25(24), 26(24), 27(24), 28(24), and 29(23) February 2024. (d) Dates with SO₂ exceedances (number of exceedances on the day) were identified on 1(3), 3(3), 4(10), 5(4), 6(23), 7(20), 8(18), 9(20), 10(23), 11(7), 12(7), 13(14), 14(19), 15(20), 16(24), 17(2), 18(14), 19(16), 20(16), 21(10), 22(16), 23(11), 24(12), 25(13), 26(16), 27(8), 28(24), 29(20), 30(24), and 31(23) December 2023; 1(24), 2(17), 3(18), 4(1), 5(7), 6(23), 7(24), 8(18), 9(5), 10(7), 11(18), 12(17), 13(18), 14(22), 15(23), 16(18), 17(17), 18(11), 19(3), 20(14), 21(10), 22(4), 23(8), 24(14), 25(9), 26(6), 27(16), 28(13), 29(19), 30(10), and 31(2) January 2024; 1(18), 2(20), 3(21), 4(22), 5(10), 6(24), 7(24), 8(9), 9(21), 10(24), 11(24), 12(24), 13(24), 14(24), 15(18), 16(17), 17(23), 18(14), 19(11), 20(24), 21(17), 22(8), 23(15), 24(17), 25(21), 26(20), 27(23), 28(20), and 29(23) February 2024. (e) Dates with HCl exceedances (number of exceedances on the day) were identified on 4(1) December 2023 and 8(1) January 2024.

Table 4.3 Hourly Average of Parameters Recorded for CHP 2

Parameter	Range of Hourly Average Conc. (mg/Nm³)^(a)	Max. Emission Limit (mg/Nm³)	Exceedance Identified	Remarks
Dust (or TSP)	0 – 3	15	Nil	Nil
Carbon Monoxide	0 – 143	650	Nil	Nil
NO_x	0 – 473	300	Identified ^(c)	System unstable (e.g., low efficiency)
SO₂	0 – 139	50	Identified ^(d)	System unstable (e.g., low efficiency)
VOCs (including methane)^(b)	0 – 1,336	1,500	Nil	Nil
HCl	0 – 2	10	Nil	Nil
HF	0 – 0	1	Nil	Nil
Notes: (a) All values refer to an oxygen content in the exhaust gas of 6% and dry basis. (b) The VOCs emission limit includes methane as biogas is adopted as fuel in the combustion process. (c) Dates with NO_x exceedances (number of exceedances on the day) were identified on 2(2), 4(5), 5(4), 6(3), 8(4), 10(1), 11(3), 12(4), 13(1), 14(6), 15(16), 16(1), 17(1), 19(7), 20(10), 21(4), 23(7), 24(4), 26(1), 27(2), 29(5), 30(23), and 31(24) December 2023; 1(23), 2(23), 3(18), 4(24), 5(24), 6(24), 7(24), 8(24), 9(18), 10(22), 11(15), 12(5), 13(16), 14(24), 15(23), 16(4), 25(3), 26(24), 27(24), and 28(6) January 2024; 8(10), 9(19), 10(17), 11(14), 12(7), 13(10), 14(12), 15(1), 16(1), 18(6), 19(5), 21(1), 22(7), 23(21), 24(12), 25(18), 26(2), 27(18), 28(23), and 29(15) February 2024. (d) Dates with SO₂ exceedances (number of exceedance on the day) were identified on 1(21), 2(14), 3(20), 4(22), 5(22), 6(24), 7(21), 8(18), 9(4), 10(9), 11(1), 12(3), 13(6), 15(2), 16(2), 17(16), 18(13), 19(12), 20(6), 29(4), 30(16), and 31(10) December 2023; 6(2) and 8(2) January 2024; 10(1), 11(2), and 13(1) February 2024.

Table 4.4 Hourly Average of Parameters Recorded for CHP 3

Parameter	Range of Hourly Average Conc. (mg/Nm³)^(a)	Max. Emission Limit (mg/Nm³)	Exceedances Identified	Remarks
Dust (or TSP)	0 – 13	15	Nil	Nil
Carbon Monoxide	0 – 137	650	Nil	Nil
NO_x	0 – 504	300	Identified ^(c)	System unstable (e.g., low efficiency)
SO₂	0 – 181	50	Identified ^(d)	System unstable (e.g., low efficiency)
VOCs (including methane) ^(b)	0 – 1,182	1,500	Nil	Nil
HCl	0 – 2	10	Nil	Nil
HF	0 – 1	1	Nil	Nil
Notes: (a) All values refer to an oxygen content in the exhaust gas of 6% and dry basis. (b) The VOCs emission limit includes methane as biogas is adopted as fuel in the combustion process. (c) Dates with NO_x exceedances (number of exceedances on the day) were identified on 16(1), 17(4), 18(13), 19(6), 21(8), 22(8), 25(1), 28(9), 29(13), 30(2), and 31(2) January 2024; 1(1), 5(4), 6(3), 10(1), 13(3), 14(2), 15(1), 16(1), 17(2), 18(16), and 26(5) February 2024. (d) Dates with SO₂ exceedances (number of exceedance on the day) was identified on 16(4), 17(22), 18(21), 19(16), 20(19), 21(19), 22(6), 23(5), 24(2), 25(8), 28(7), 29(12), 30(1), and 31(2) January 2024; 1(5), 2(5), 3(3), 5(8), 6(11), 9(2), 10(2), 11(7), 12(6), 13(6), 14(6), 15(7), 16(5), 17(7), 18(10), 19(1), and 26(3) February 2024.

Table 4.5 Hourly Average of Parameters Recorded for ASP

Parameter	Range of Hourly Average Conc. (mg/Nm³)^(a)	Max. Emission Limit (mg/Nm³)	Exceedances Identified	Remarks
Dust (or TSP)	0 – 4	5	Nil	Nil
Carbon Monoxide	0 – 96	100	Nil	Nil
NO_x	0 – 30,165	200	Identified^(c)	System unstable (e.g., low efficiency, unstable column temperature)
SO₂	0 – 2,451	50	Identified^(d)	System unstable (e.g., low efficiency, unstable column temperature)
VOCs (including methane) ^(b)	0 – 19	20	Nil	Nil
NH₃	0 – 20,000	35	Identified^(e)	System unstable (e.g., low efficiency, unstable column temperature)
HCl	0 – 256	10	Identified^(f)	System unstable (e.g., low efficiency, unstable column temperature)
HF	0 – 1	1	Nil	Nil
Notes: (a) All values refer to an oxygen content in the exhaust gas of 11% and dry basis. (b) The VOCs emission limit include methane as biogas is adopted as fuel in the combustion process. (c) Dates with NO_x exceedances (number of exceedances on the day) were identified on 1(3), 4(1), 5(3), 10(1), 11(3), 12(2), 13(2), 14(12), 15(22), 16(20), 17(19), 18(22), 19(19), 20(15), 21(19), 22(3), 23(19), 24(19), 25(23), 26(22), 27(9), 28(11), 29(9), 30(1), and 31(1) December 2023; 3(3), 4(14), 5(10), 6(3), 7(8), 8(15), 9(16), 10(20), 11(23), 12(9), 13(9), 14(3), 15(3), 16(13), 17(4), 18(2), 19(11), 20(21), 21(15), 22(12), 23(16), 24(20), 25(14), 26(7), 27(21), 28(24), 29(16), 30(20), and 31(4) January 2024; 1(8), 2(3), 3(7), 4(2), 5(4), 6(7), 8(3), 9(9), 10(23), 11(19), 12(14), 13(13), 14(17), 15(16), 16(16), 17(15), 18(18), 19(19), 20(22), 21(18), 22(9), 23(4), 24(5), 25(3), 26(5), 27(7), 28(11), and 29(17) February 2024. (d) Dates with SO₂ exceedances (number of exceedances on the day) were identified on 5(2), 9(4), 12(5), 13(1), 15(1), 16(2), 17(13), 18(2), 21(2), 22(1), 23(3), 26(1), 28(11), 29(9), 30(23), and 31(16) December 2023; 6(19), 7(24), 8(8), 18(4), 20(2), 21(2), 23(1), 24(3), 25(13), 26(2), 29(7), and 30(6) January 2024; 1(6), 2(6), 3(5), 5(1), 6(23), 7(7), 8(4), 11(4), 12(2), 13(1), 14(1), 23(1), and 26(2) February 2024. (e) Dates with NH₃ exceedances (number of exceedances on the day) were identified on 1(4), 2(8), 3(8), 4(8), 5(2), 6(11), 7(11), 8(18), 9(8), 10(3), 11(4), 12(8), 13(7), 15(3), 16(2), 17(15), 18(3), 20(1), 22(10), 23(19), 24(20), 25(24), 26(24), 27(9), 28(11), 29(10), 30(1), and 31(8) December 2023; 1(16), 2(8), 3(3), 5(1), 9(5), 10(3), 11(2), 12(6), 13(2), 15(3), 16(10), 18(12), 19(9), 22(5), 23(5), 24(5), 25(14), 26(7), 27(21), 28(23), 29(15), 30(9), and 31(4) January 2024; 1(1), 2(3), 3(6), 4(7), 5(6), 8(3), 9(9), 14(2), 15(1), 16(2), 17(1), 23(12), 24(12), 25(3), 26(9), 27(3), 28(1), and 29(2) February 2024. (f) Dates with HCl exceedances (number of exceedances on the day) were identified on 17(13), 18(2), 22(1), 23(18), 24(19), 25(23), 26(22), 27(9), 28(10), and 29(9) December 2023; 15(3), 16(10), 23(5), 24(4), 25(14), 26(7), 27(21), 28(23), 29(16), and 30(8) January 2024.

Table 4.6 Hourly Average of Parameters Recorded for the Standby Flaring Gas Unit

Parameter	Range of Hourly Average Conc. (mg/Nm³)^(a)(c)	Max. Emission Limit (mg/Nm³)	Exceedances Identified	Remarks ^(d)
Dust (or TSP)	0 – 0	5	Nil	Nil
Carbon Monoxide	0 – 0	100	Nil	Nil
NOx	0 – 0	200	Nil	Nil
SO₂	0 – 0	50	Nil	Nil
VOCs (including methane) ^(b)	0 – 0	20	Nil	Nil
HCl	0 – 0	10	Nil	Nil
HF	0 – 0	1	Nil	Nil
Notes: (a) All values refer to an oxygen content in the exhaust gas of 11% and dry basis. (b) The VOCs emission limit include methane as biogas is adopted as fuel in the combustion process. (c) The standby flare did not operate during the reporting period.

4.2 odour

4.2.1 Operation Phase Monitoring

No odour patrol was required to be conducted for this reporting period.

Five (5) Environmental Complaints regarding odour nuisance were received at the facility on 19 February 2024, 20 February 2024, 21 February 2024 (2 complaints), and 22 February 2024. Mitigation measures were implemented, daily odour patrols were arranged, and interim reports regarding the complaints received were submitted to EPD on 3 March 2024 and 8 March 2024.

The full investigation reports of the Environmental Complaints are presented in Annex F.

4.3 water quality

4.3.1 Operation Phase Monitoring

Effluent discharge was sampled monthly from the outlet chamber of the Effluent Storage Tank as stipulated in the operation phase discharge licence. Discharge from the Petrol Interceptors have been sampled bi-monthly since July 2021 as stipulated in the operation phase discharge licence. The results of the discharge samples from the outlet chamber of the Effluent Storage Tank are recorded in Table 4.7 to 4.9. The results of the discharge samples from the Petrol Interceptors are recorded in Table 4.10 to 4.13.

Table 4.7 Results of the Discharge Sample Collected from the Outlet Chamber of the Effluent Storage Tank in December 2023

Parameters	Discharged Effluent Concentration (mg/L)	Discharge Limit (mg/L)	Compliance with Discharge Limit
Flow Rate (m³/day)^(a)	32 – 231^(e)	645	Yes
pH (pH units)^(b)	7.30 – 7.90^(e)	6-10^(c)	Yes
Suspended Solids ^{(b) (d)}	214 ^(d)	800	Yes
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 days, 20°) ^{(b) (d)}	27 ^(d)	800	Yes
Chemical Oxygen Demand ^{(b) (d)}	1,030 ^(d)	2,000	Yes
Oil & Grease ^{(b) (d)}	<5 ^(d)	40	Yes
Total Nitrogen ^{(b) (d)}	100 ^(d)	200	Yes
Total Phosphorus ^{(b) (d)}	33.4 ^(d)	50	Yes
Surfactants (total)^{(b) (d)}	<1.0 ^(d)	25	Yes
Notes: (a) Parameter not required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO. (b) Parameters required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO. (c) Daily Range. (d) Effluent sample collected on 13 December 2023. (e) Data collected daily in the reporting month.

Table 4.8 Results of the Discharge Sample Collected from the Outlet Chamber of the Effluent Storage Tank in January 2024

Parameters	Discharged Effluent Concentration (mg/L)	Discharge Limit (mg/L)	Compliance with Discharge Limit
Flow Rate (m³/day)^(a)	0 – 227^(e)	645	Yes
pH (pH units)^(b)	7.30 – 8.00^(e)	6-10^(c)	Yes
Suspended Solids ^{(b) (d)}	131 ^(d)	800	Yes
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 days, 20°) ^{(b) (d)}	47 ^(d)	800	Yes
Chemical Oxygen Demand ^{(b) (d)}	954 ^(d)	2,000	Yes
Oil & Grease ^{(b) (d)}	<5 ^(d)	40	Yes
Total Nitrogen ^{(b) (d)}	164 ^(d)	200	Yes
Total Phosphorus ^{(b) (d)}	33.1 ^(d)	50	Yes
Surfactants (total)^{(b) (d)}	1.9 ^(d)	25	Yes
Notes: (a) Parameter not required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO. (b) Parameters required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO. (c) Daily Range. (d) Effluent sample collected on 4 January 2024. (e) Data collected daily in the reporting month.

Table 4.9 Results of the Discharge Sample Collected from the Outlet Chamber of the Effluent Storage Tank in February 2024

Parameters	Discharged Effluent Concentration (mg/L)	Discharge Limit (mg/L)	Compliance with Discharge Limit
Flow Rate (m³/day)^(a)	27 - 259^(e)	645	Yes
pH (pH units)^(b)	7.60 – 8.40^(e)	6-10^(c)	Yes
Suspended Solids ^{(b) (d)}	138 ^(d)	800	Yes
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 days, 20°) ^{(b) (d)}	18 ^(d)	800	Yes
Chemical Oxygen Demand ^{(b) (d)}	659 ^(d)	2,000	Yes
Oil & Grease ^{(b) (d)}	<5 ^(d)	40	Yes
Total Nitrogen ^{(b) (d)}	99.4 ^(d)	200	Yes
Total Phosphorus ^{(b) (d)}	18.4 ^(d)	50	Yes
Surfactants (total)^{(b) (d)}	1.3 ^(d)	25	Yes
Notes: (a) Parameter not required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO. (b) Parameters required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO. (c) Daily Range. (d) Effluent sample collected on 16 February 2024. (e) Data collected daily in the reporting month.

Table 4.10 Results of the Discharge Sample from the Petrol Interceptor 1 in December 2023

Parameters	Discharged Effluent Concentration (mg/L)	Discharge Limit (mg/L)	Compliance with Discharge Limit
Suspended Solids^(b)	23 ^(a)	30	Yes
Chemical Oxygen Demand ^(c)	53 ^(a)	80	Yes
Oil & Grease ^(c)	11 ^(a)	20	Yes
Surfactants (total)^(b)	<1.0 ^(a)	15	Yes
Notes: (a) Effluent sample collected on 13 December 2023. (b) Parameter not required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO. (c) Parameters required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO.

Table 4.11 Results of the Discharge Sample from the Petrol Interceptor 2 in December 2023

Parameters	Discharged Effluent Concentration (mg/L)	Discharge Limit (mg/L)	Compliance with Discharge Limit
Suspended Solids ^(b)	<2 ^(a)	30	Yes
Chemical Oxygen Demand ^(c)	<5 ^(a)	80	Yes
Oil & Grease ^(c)	<5 ^(a)	20	Yes
Surfactants (total)^(b)	<1.0 ^(a)	15	Yes
Notes: (a) Effluent sample collected on 20 December 2023. (b) Parameter not required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO. (c) Parameters required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO.

Table 4.12 Results of the Discharge Sample from the Petrol Interceptor 1 in February 2024

Parameters	Discharged Effluent Concentration (mg/L)	Discharge Limit (mg/L)	Compliance with Discharge Limit
Suspended Solids^(b)	<2 ^(a)	30	Yes
Chemical Oxygen Demand ^(c)	<5 ^(a)	80	Yes
Oil & Grease ^(c)	<5 ^(a)	20	Yes
Surfactants (total)^(b)	<1.0 ^(a)	15	Yes
Notes: (a) Effluent sample collected on 21 February 2024. (b) Parameter not required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO. (c) Parameters required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO.

Table 4.13 Results of the Discharge Sample from the Petrol Interceptor 2 in February 2024

Parameters	Discharged Effluent Concentration (mg/L)	Discharge Limit (mg/L)	Compliance with Discharge Limit
Suspended Solids ^(b)	11 ^(a)	30	Yes
Chemical Oxygen Demand ^(c)	10 ^(a)	80	Yes
Oil & Grease ^(c)	<5 ^(a)	20	Yes
Surfactants (total)^(b)	<1.0 ^(a)	15	Yes
Notes: (a) Effluent sample collected on 7 February 2024. (b) Parameter not required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO. (c) Parameters required to be reported in accordance with Section B2 of the Effluent Discharge Licence under the WPCO.

4.4 WASTE MANAGEMENT

4.4.1 Operation Phase Monitoring

Wastes generated from the operation of the Project include chemical waste, wastes generated from pre-treatment process and general refuse ([3]). Reference has been made to the Monthly Summary Waste Flow Tables prepared by the Contractor (see Annex D). With reference to the relevant handling records and trip tickets of this Project, the quantities of different types of waste generated from the operation of the Project in the reporting period are summarised in Table 4.14.

Table 4.14 Quantities of Waste Generated from the Operation of the Project

Month / Year	Chemical Waste	Waste Generated from Pre-treatment Process		General Refuse
	Disposal of at CWTC	Disposed of at Landfill ^(a)	Recycled ^(b)	Disposed of at Landfill ^{(a) (e)}	Recycled ^(c)
December 2023	0 L ^(d)	1006.03 tonnes	0.000 tonnes	2.765 tonnes ^(e)	0.016 tonnes
January 2024	1,200 L^(d)	830.42 tonnes	0.000 tonnes	2.995 tonnes ^(e)	0.126 tonnes
February 2024	400 L ^(d)	901.23 tonnes	0.000 tonnes	2.534 tonnes ^(e)	0.105 tonnes
Notes: (a) Waste generated from pre-treatment process and general refuse other than chemical waste and recyclables were disposed of at NENT landfill by sub-contractors. (b) Among waste generated from pre-treatment process, 0.000 tonnes of metals, 0.000 tonnes of papers/ cardboard packing and 0.000 tonnes of plastics were sent to recyclers for recycling during the reporting period. (c) Among general refuse, 0.012 tonnes of metals, 0.199 tonnes of papers/ cardboard packing and 0.036 tonnes of plastics were sent to recyclers for recycling during the reporting period. (d) No chemical waste was disposed of during December 2023; 1,200 L of chemical waste (spent lube oil) was disposed of at CWTC in January 2024; 400 L of chemical waste (spent lube oil) was disposed of at CWTC in February 2024. (e) It was assumed that four 240-litre bins filled with 80% of general refuse were collected at each collection. The general refuse density was assumed to be around 0.15 kg/L.

5. SITE AUDIT

5.1 Environmental SITE AUDIT

5.1.1 Operation Phase

The monthly inspections of the operation phase of the Project covered the operation phase environmental site inspections. The inspections checked the implementation of the recommended mitigation measures for air quality, landscape and visual, water quality, waste (land contamination) and hazard-to-life stated in the Implementation Schedule (see Annex C).

Follow-up actions resulting from the site inspections were generally taken as reported by the Contractor. The Contractor has implemented environmental mitigation measures recommended in the approved EIA Report and EM&A Manual.

December 2023

The monthly inspection of the operation phase of the Project on 19 December 2023 covered the operation phase environmental site audit. Joint site inspections were conducted by representatives of the Contractor, IEC and the MT on 19 December 2023 as required for the operation of the Project.

January 2024

The monthly inspection of the operation phase of the Project on 25 January 2024 covered the operation phase environmental site audit. Joint site inspections were conducted by representatives of the Contractor, IEC and the MT on 25 January 2024 as required for the operation of the Project.

February 2024

The monthly inspection of the operation phase of the Project on 27 February 2024 covered the operation phase environmental site audit. Joint site inspections were conducted by representatives of the Contractor, IEC and the MT on 27 February 2024 as required for the operation of the Project.

Odour mitigation measures were observed being implemented at the Suspension Buffer Tank (SBT), including fans, deodourisers, and canvas barriers around the working area. During the sitewalk, the odour around the SBT tank was not any more noticeable than normal levels.

Apart from the observation above, the Contractor has implemented environmental mitigation measures recommended in the approved EIA Report and EM&A Manual.

5.2 Landscape and Visual Audit

It was confirmed that the necessary landscape and visual mitigation measures during the operation phase as summarised in Annex C were generally implemented by the Contractor. No non-compliance in relation to the landscape and visual mitigation measures was identified during the site audits in this reporting period and therefore no further actions are required. The ET/MT will keep track of the EM&A programme to check compliance with environmental requirements and the proper implementation of all necessary mitigation measures.

December 2023

Monthly inspection of the landscape and visual mitigation measures for the operation phase of the Project was performed on 19 December 2023.

January 2024

Monthly inspection of the landscape and visual mitigation measures for the operation phase of the Project was performed on 25 January 2024.

February 2024

Monthly inspection of the landscape and visual mitigation measures for the operation phase of the Project was performed on 27 February 2024.

6. Environmental Non-conformance

6.1 Summary of Environmental Non-Compliance

December 2023

Non-compliance of emission limits of NO_x, SO₂,and HCl from the CHPs, as well as NO_x, SO₂, NH₃, and HCl from the ASP were recorded during the reporting period.

All analytes from the outlet chamber of the effluent storage tank and Petrol Interceptors were recorded to be in compliance with discharge limits during the reporting period.

The Contractor has reviewed the organic waste treatment processes (i.e., waste reception, waste pre-treatment, anaerobic digesters, and composting processes) and found that they were operated normally during the reporting period. The Contractor has investigated the de-sulphurisation system, CHPs and the ASP, the potential causes for the exceedance were identified.

The investigation reports of the above exceedances are presented in Annex F.

January 2024

Non-compliance of emission limits of Odour from CAPCS; NO_x, SO₂,and HCl from the CHPs; and NO_x, SO₂, NH₃, and HCl from the ASP were recorded during the reporting period.

All analytes from the outlet chamber of the effluent storage tank were recorded to be in compliance with discharge limits during the reporting period.

The Contractor has reviewed the organic waste treatment processes (i.e., waste reception, waste pre-treatment, anaerobic digesters, and composting processes) and found that they were operated normally during the reporting period. The Contractor has investigated the de-sulphurisation system, CAPCS, CHPs, the ASP and the Effluent treatment system, the potential causes for the exceedance were identified.

The investigation reports of the above exceedances are presented in Annex F.

February 2024

Non-compliance of emission limits of Odour from CAPCS; NO_x and SO₂ from the CHPs; and NO_x, SO₂, and NH₃ from the ASP were recorded during the reporting period.

All analytes from the outlet chamber of the effluent storage tank and Petrol Interceptors were recorded to be in compliance with discharge limits during the reporting period.

The Contractor has reviewed the organic waste treatment processes (i.e., waste reception, waste pre-treatment, anaerobic digesters, and composting processes) and found that they were operated normally during the reporting period. The Contractor has investigated the de-sulphurisation system, CAPCS, CHPs, and the ASP; the potential causes for the exceedance were identified.

The investigation reports of the above exceedances are presented in Annex F.

6.2 Summary of Environmental Complaint

Five (5) Environmental Complaints regarding odour nuisance were received at the facility on 19 February 2024, 20 February 2024, 21 February 2024 (2 complaints), and 22 February 2024. Mitigation measures were implemented, daily odour patrols were arranged, and interim reports regarding the complaints received were submitted to EPD on 3 March 2024 and 8 March 2024. The full investigation reports of the Environmental Complaints are presented in Annex F.

6.3 Summary of Environmental Summon and Successful Prosecution

No summon/prosecution was received during the reporting period. The cumulative summons/prosecution log is shown in Annex E.

7. future key issues

7.1 Key Issues for the Coming Reporting Period

Activities to be undertaken for the coming reporting period are:

· Operation of the Project;

· Complete planned maintenance work of Wet scrubber No. 2;

· Focus on centrifuge area and polymer dosing system for the month;

· Focus on sieve fine plastic;

· Install new pipeline at leachate tank;

· Clean PST;

· Install drum screen for IPS;

· SBT Cleaning; and

· Checking on AD3 pressure relief valve.

8. CONCLUSIONS

This EM&A Report presents the EM&A programme undertaken during the reporting period from 1 December 2023 to 29 February 2024 in accordance with EM&A Manual (Version F) and requirements of EP (FEP-01/395/2010/C).

For the operation phase, exceedances of the emission limits for stack monitoring (including CAPCS, CHP and ASP stacks) were recorded under normal operating conditions during the reporting period (see Table 8.1).

Table 8.1 Exceedances for Stack Emissions

Stack	Exceedances During the Reporting Period
Centralised Air Pollution Control Unit (CAPCS)	· Exceeded emission limit of Total Odour (NH₃ and H₂S) on 17, 18, 19, 23, and 24 January 2024; 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 February 2024.
Cogeneration Unit (CHP) 1	· Exceeded emission limit of SO₂ on 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31 December 2023; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31 January 2024; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, and 29 February 2024. · Exceeded emission limit of NO_x on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31 December 2023; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31 January 2024; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, and 29 February 2024. · Exceeded emission limit of HCl on 4 December 2023 and 8 January 2024.
Cogeneration Unit (CHP) 2	· Exceeded emission limit of NO_x on 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, and 31 December 2023; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 25, 26, 27, and 28 January 2024; 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, and 29 February 2024. · Exceeded emission limit of SO₂ on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 29, 30, and 31 December 2023; 6 and 8 January 2024; 10, 11, and 13 February 2024.
Cogeneration Unit (CHP) 3	· Exceeded emission limit of NO_x on 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 28, 29, 30, and 31 January 2024; 1, 5, 6, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 26 February 2024. · Exceeded emission limit of SO₂ on 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, and 31 January 2024; 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 26 February 2024.
Ammonia Stripping Plant (ASP)	· Exceeded emission limit of NO_x on 1, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31 December 2023; 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31 January 2024; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, and 29 February 2024. · Exceeded emission limit of SO₂ on 5, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30, and 31 December 2023; 6, 7, 8, 18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29, and 30 January 2024; 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 23, and 26 February 2024. · Exceeded emission limit of NH₃ on 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31 December 2023; 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31 January 2024; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, and 29 February 2024. · Exceeded emission limit of HCl on 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, and 29 December 2023; 15, 16, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30 January 2024.

Non-compliance of emission limits of NOx, SO2, and HCl from CHP1; NOx and SO2 from CHP2; and NOx, SO2, NH3, and HCl from the ASP were recorded during December 2023. The exceedances of NOx, SO2, and HCl from CHPs as well as the exceedances of NOx, SO2, NH3, and HCl from the ASP occurred due to system instability.

Non-compliance of emission limits of Odour from CAPCS; NOx, SO2, and HCl from CHP1; NOx and SO2 from CHP2; NOx and SO2 from CHP3; and NOx, SO2, NH3, and HCl from the ASP were recorded during January 2024. The exceedances of Odour from the CAPCS; NOx, SO2, and HCl from the CHPs; and the exceedances of NOx, SO2, NH3, and HCl from the ASP occurred due to system instability.

Non-compliance of emission limits of Odour from CAPCS; NOx and SO2 from CHP1; NOx and SO2 from CHP2; NOx and SO2 from CHP3; and NOx, SO2, and NH3 from the ASP were recorded during February 2024. The exceedances of Odour from the CAPCS; NOx and SO2, from the CHPs; and the exceedances of NOx, SO2, and NH3 from the ASP occurred due to system instability.

All analytes from the outlet chamber of the effluent storage tank were recorded to be in compliance with discharge limits during the reporting period.

During the reporting period, both Petrol Interceptor 1 and Petrol Interceptor 2 were recorded to be in compliance with discharge limits.

The environmental control /mitigation measures related to air quality, water quality, waste (including land contamination prevention), hazard-to-life and landscape and visual recommended in the approved EIA Report and the EM&A Manual were properly implemented by the Contractor during the reporting period.

Monthly landscape and visual monitoring were conducted in the reporting period. The necessary landscape and visual mitigation measures recommended in the approved EIA Report were generally implemented by the Contractor.

Five (5) Environmental Complaints regarding odour nuisance were received at the facility on 19 February 2024, 20 February 2024, 21 February 2024 (2 complaints), and 22 February 2024. Mitigation measures were implemented, daily odour patrols were arranged, and interim reports regarding the complaints received were submitted to EPD on 3 March 2024 and 8 March 2024. The full investigation reports of the Environmental Complaints are presented in Annex F.